3.The Harms of Cost-Related Medication Non-Adherence

MODULE 6 | Section 3 of 10

The Harms of Cost-Related Medication Non-Adherence

COST AS A BARRIER TO HEALTH CARE

Financial barriers are a leading reason that many people do not adhere to prescribed medication regimens. In a 2015 survey by the Kaiser Family Foundation, 42% of respondents said they found it difficult to afford health care.2 This percentage outranked those who found it difficult to afford other necessities such as housing, utilities, and food. Medical care has become harder to afford for essentially everyone. Though employee-sponsored health insurance has been the norm since the 1940s in the United States, out-of-pocket costs for even those covered by insurance through their employer have risen substantially.3 Another survey found that the average deductible for those with employer coverage increased from $303 in 2006 to $1505 in 2017, a 397% increase.4

 

It comes as no surprise, then that as costs for health care and medications rise, consumers often find they need to go without certain things. A 2017 survey by Consumer Reports illustrates how and what consumers decide to go without when faced with rising drug costs.5 The below figures come from that report and show the household and health care changes individuals made to deal with these costs and effects on medication adherence.

AS DRUG PRICES RISE, QUALITY OF LIFE GOES DOWN

The high cost of drugs is forcing many Americans to cut back on groceries, delay retirement, or ration their own healthcare in potentially dangerous ways, a CR survey of nearly 1200 American adults currently taking prescription drugs has found.
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Source: Consumer Reports Best Buy Drugs Tracking Poll 7, Conducted March 10-27, 2016.

 

*Percentages won’t add up to 100 because people were able to report multiple actions taken

Cost-related medication nonadherence is a common problem that leads to more frequent emergency department visits, psychiatric admissions, nursing home placements, as well as decreased overall health status.6-8

 

More expensive medications often results in lower daily adherence rates (patients take the medication less consistently), which in certain medications results in worse patient outcomes. For example in a study of more than 90,000 people taking statins, those who were prescribed generic statins had a better daily adherence rate, which resulted in an 8% reduction in incidence of death and hospitalization for acute coronary syndrome or stroke in that group.

GENERIC STATINS MAY ACTUALLY BE BETTER FOR YOUR HEALTH 10

In a study of more than 90,000 people: :
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Conclusion: Patients prescribed a generic statin were more likely to take their pills and had slightly better outcomes than people prescribed brand-name statins

Source: Gagne JJ, Choudhry NK, Kesselheim AS, et al. Comparative Effectiveness of Generic and Brand-Name Statins on Patient Outcomes: A Cohort Study. Comparative Effectiveness of Generic and Brand-Name Statins. Ann Intern Med 2014;161(6):400-407. doi:10.7326/M13-2942.

Of course, the more effective medication is the one that the patient can afford and will actually take as directed!

DO CONVERSATIONS BETWEEN PRESCRIBERS AND PATIENTS ABOUT MEDICATION COSTS MATTER?

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PATIENTS THINK THEIR DOCTOR SHOULD DISCUSS COSTS…

Q: Do you think your doctor should discuss the cost of recommended medical treatment with you ahead of time, or don’t you think that is necessary?
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…BUT DOCTORS AND PATIENTS AREN’T TALKING.

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…BUT DOCTORS AND PATIENTS AREN’T TALKING.

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FIGURE REFERENCES

  1. 1- Alexander GC, Casalino LP, Meltzer DO. Patient-physician communication about out-of-pocket costsJAMA. 2003;290(7):953-958.

 

  1. 2- Piette JD, Heisler M, Wagner TH. Cost-related medication underuse: do patients with chronic illnesses tell their doctors? Arch Intern Med. 2004;164(16):1749-1755.

 

  1. 3- Wilson IB, Schoen C, Neuman P, et al. Physician–Patient Communication About Prescription Medication Nonadherence: A 50-state Study of America’s SeniorsJournal of General Internal Medicine. 2007;22(1):6-12. doi:10.1007/s11606-006-0093-0.
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“For the same reason that oncologists will always make sure to discuss chemo side effects with patients, they should also think of the cost of care as another thing to discuss because cost of care can have a bigger impact on patient quality of life than more traditional side effects.”
Peter Ubel, MD
Associate Director, Health Sector Management
Fuqua School of Business, Duke University

ADDITIONAL RESOURCES

WebM&M case with commentary by Dr. Chris Moriates: “A Costly Colonoscopy Leads to a Delay in Diagnosis”

Learn More

ARTICLE

In an era of increasing deductibles and other out-of-pocket costs, physicians should be prepared to engage patients about financial issues.

Zamosky, Lisa, hfma. 2015.

ARTICLE

In an era of rising co-pays, patients with cancer want cost-of-treatment discussions, and these conversations do not lead to negative feelings in the majority of patients

Kelly RJ, et al.
J Onc Pract. 2015;11(4):308-312.

BLOG POST

Doctors and patients want to talk transparently about the costs and value of health care, but it’s easier said than done. A new funding opportunity from RWJF seeks to address this challenge by surfacing best practices.

Ganos, Emmy. 
Robert Wood Johnson Foundation Culture of Health Blog. 2016.

REFERENCES

  1. 1-Thomas K, Ornstein C. The price they payThe New York Times, March 5, 2018.

 

  1. 2- DiJulio B, Firth J, Brodie M. Kaiser Health tracking poll: October 2015Henry J Kaiser Family Foundation. Oct 28, 2015.

 

  1. 3- Adamczyk A. Why your health care costs are out of control, in one graphMoney. October 5, 2017.

 

  1. 4- Henry J Kaiser Family Foundation. 2017 employer health benefits survey. September 19, 2017.

 

  1. 5- Gill LL. How to pay less for your medsConsumer Reports. April 05, 2018.

 

  1. 6- Tamblyn R, Laprise R, Hanley JA, et al. Adverse events associated with prescription drug cost-sharing among poor and elderly persons. JAMA. 2001;285:421-429.

 

  1. 7- Soumerai SB, Ross-Degnan D, Avorn J, McLaughlin TJ, Choodnovskiy I. Effects of Medicaid drug-payment limits on admission to hospitals and nursing homes. N Engl J Med. 1991;325:1072-1077.

 

  1. 8- Soumerai SB, McLaughlin TJ, Ross-Degnan D, Casteris CS, Bollini P. Effects of a limiting Medicaid drug-reimbursement benefits on the use of psychotropic agents and acute mental health services by patients with schizophrenia. N Engl J Med. 1994;331:650-655.

 

  1. 9- Rahimi AR, Spertus JA, Reid KJ, Bernheim SM, Krumholz HM. Financial barriers to health care and outcomes after acute myocardial infarction. JAMA. 2007;297:1063-1072.

 

  1. 10- Gagne JJ, Choudhry NK, Kesselheim AS, et al. Comparative Effectiveness of Generic and Brand-Name Statins on Patient Outcomes: A Cohort StudyComparative Effectiveness of Generic and Brand-Name Statins. Ann Intern Med 2014;161(6):400-407. doi:10.7326/M13-2942.

 

  1. 11- Piette JD, Heisler M, Wagner TH. Cost-related medication underuse: do patients with chronic illnesses tell their doctors? Arch Intern Med. 2004;164(16):1749-1755.

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